Dr. Tushar Rane

Patient is said to have Diabetes, when they suffice an 1 or more of the below given criteria :

1. Symptoms of Diabetes + RBS => 200 mg/dl
2. FBS => 126 mg/dl
3. HbA1c level => 6.5 mg/dl
4. 2 hour plasma sugar => 200 mg/dl during an OGTT.

Stress Test or TMT, is a test used as a screening tool for coronary artery disease mainly (Blockages). This is basically an ECG taken when your heart is put to stress by making ou walk on a treadmill. A positive Stress Test indicates a higher possibility of a significant coronary artery disease (blockage in the coronaries), which may need further evaluation.

2D Echo on the other hand is an ultrasound of the Heart, which tells us about the structure & function of the heart, & the blood flow within the heart. It will not show blockages within the coronary blood vessels, although it will sometimes reveal Regional wall motion abnormalities (abnormality in contractility of the heart wall) which can predict an underling significant Coronary artery disease (blockage).

Both tests have their own significance & indications, so none is superior to the other.

As per the Indian Society of Hypertension the stages are as follows :

Normal : Systolic - 120-129; Diastolic - 80-84

Pre Hypertension : Systolic - 130-139; Diastolic - 85-89

Grade 1 : Systolic - 140-159; Diastolic - 90-99

Grade 2 : Systolic - 160-179; Diastolic - 100-109

Grade 3 : Systolic - 180 or higher; Diastolic - 110 or higher

Infections (Bacterial,viral,fungal)

Inflammatory conditions (such as Rheumatoid arthritis)

Heat exhaustion

Certain medications

Immunizations, Cancer

Autoimmune diseases

Elevated body temperature (above 100.4F or 38C)

Chills & shivering

Headache, bodyache

Loss of appetite

Dehydration

Generalised weakness

Washing hands regularly

Avoiding close contact with sick individuals

Keeping up to date with vaccinations

Practicing good hygiene

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and having a good immunity by eating healthy food, exercising regularly

Rectal temperatures are the most accurate

Forehead temperatures are the next most accurate

Oral and ear temperatures are also accurate if done properly

Temperatures measured in the armpit are the least accurate

Fish : Salmon, Sardines, Mackerel are rich sources of Omega 3 Fatty acids & Proteins.

Eggs : Eggs are rich in protein, excellent source of Potassium. Egg yolk is beneficial as it contains Biotin which seems to help in Insulin production.

Whole Grains : Rich in fibre, and also make us feel full. Substitute white bread and white rice with brown bread & brown rice, and also include Oats in your diet.

Green Leafy Vegetables : Dark green vegetables like Spinach, Brocolli, Fenugreek (Methi) have a Low Glycaemic Index, High fibre content & are rich in proteins, vitamins & minerals. Carrots are rich sources of B carotene,fibre,Vit K,Potassium & anti oxidants.

Fruits to eat : Apple, Guava, Orange, Papaya, Mosambi, Kiwi, Star fruit, Apricot.

Fruits to avoid : Banana, Mango, Custard Apple (Sitafal), Chikoo, Jackfruit.

Other Foods for Diabetics : Chia seeds, Flax seeds, Turmeric, Ginger & Garlic, Yoghurt, Cinnamon, Clove, Nuts ( Almonds, Cashews, Hazelnuts, Pista, Walnut ).

• Meat, fish, and poultry.
• Eggs: whole eggs, egg whites, egg yolks
• Dairy: unflavored dairy products, including, plain milk, yogurt, and cheese
• Fruits: berries, melons, pineapples, bananas, oranges, pears, peaches, etc.
• Vegetables: broccoli, tomatoes, onions, peppers, mushrooms, asparagus, carrots, potatoes, etc.
• Grains: quinoa, rice, buckwheat, tapioca, sorghum, corn, millet, amaranth, arrowroot, teff, oats (if they’re labeled gluten-free)
• Starches and flours: potato flour, cornstarch, corn flour, chickpea flour, soy flour, almond meal or flour, coconut flour, tapioca flour
• Nuts and seeds: almonds, walnuts, pistachios, cashews, hemp seeds, chia seeds, flaxseeds, etc.
• Spreads and oils: vegetable oils, olive oil, coconut oil, butter, margarine, etc.
• Herbs and spices: black pepper, turmeric, oregano, thyme, rosemary, parsley, cilantro, etc.
• Beverages: most beverages, except for beer (unless it’s labeled gluten-free)